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	<id>https://invarians.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Noether%27s_theorems%2FChronology</id>
	<title>Noether&#039;s theorems/Chronology - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://invarians.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Noether%27s_theorems%2FChronology"/>
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	<updated>2026-10-21T07:33:11Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.46.2</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=6657&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>PMA Publisher: Published from the Principia Machina source</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=6657&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-10-15T19:30:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Published from the Principia Machina source&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:30, 15 October 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Chronology}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Chronology}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Noether&#039;s theorems map}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:NT-F-12.png|thumb|right|360px|alt=A horizontal timeline from 1891 to 2018 with nine marked events, Noether 1918 highlighted. A bracket beneath spans roughly 1921 to 1951, labelled as three decades in which the paper was little used.|A chronology from Lie to the anomaly]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:NT-F-12.png|thumb|right|360px|alt=A horizontal timeline from 1891 to 2018 with nine marked events, Noether 1918 highlighted. A bracket beneath spans roughly 1921 to 1951, labelled as three decades in which the paper was little used.|A chronology from Lie to the anomaly]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l76&quot;&gt;Line 76:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Noether&amp;#039;s theorems/History/The recovery in field theory|the page that carries&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Noether&amp;#039;s theorems/History/The recovery in field theory|the page that carries&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;them]] says so.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;them]] says so.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>PMA Publisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=437&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>BFP Rauch: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=437&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-10T13:29:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:29, 10 September 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BFP Rauch</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=436&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>NT&gt;NoetherVolumeBuild: Noether theorems volume, initial import (R-04)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://invarians.org/index.php?title=Noether%27s_theorems/Chronology&amp;diff=436&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-09-10T00:00:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Noether theorems volume, initial import (R-04)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Chronology}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:NT-F-12.png|thumb|right|360px|alt=A horizontal timeline from 1891 to 2018 with nine marked events, Noether 1918 highlighted. A bracket beneath spans roughly 1921 to 1951, labelled as three decades in which the paper was little used.|A chronology from Lie to the anomaly]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Every dated entry below is established on&lt;br /&gt;
[[Noether&amp;#039;s theorems/History/Gottingen and the energy problem|the history&lt;br /&gt;
track]]. Entries whose date or attribution rests on secondary literature rather&lt;br /&gt;
than on a primary text are marked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A caution that applies to the whole of 1918.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Neither Noether&amp;#039;s paper nor&lt;br /&gt;
Klein&amp;#039;s second note reached its final form until September, after both had been&lt;br /&gt;
presented in July. What was said at either July session is not recoverable from&lt;br /&gt;
the printed papers, and this chronology dates the presentations and the&lt;br /&gt;
manuscripts separately for that reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! date !! event !! source&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1891 || Lie, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Grundlagen für die Theorie der unendlichen kontinuierlichen Transformationsgruppen&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Cited by Noether at three points || her footnotes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Nov 1915 || Einstein publishes the field equations of general relativity || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 20 Nov 1915 || Hilbert presents &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Die Grundlagen der Physik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, first communication || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 Dec 1916 || Hilbert presents the second communication || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 25 Jan 1918 || Klein presents his first note, on Hilbert&amp;#039;s first communication. At the same session Klein presents Noether&amp;#039;s &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Invarianten beliebiger Differentialausdrücke&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 15 Feb 1918 || Noether, in a postcard to Klein from Erlangen, sketches the second theorem in a particular case || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 12 Mar 1918 || Noether&amp;#039;s letter to Klein gives a preliminary formulation of its essential consequence || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| spring 1918 || Weyl, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gravitation und Elektrizität&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Presented to the Berlin Academy; sources disagree between April and May, and the disagreement is unresolved || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 19 Jul 1918 || Klein presents his second note, on the differential laws for the conservation of momentum and energy || primary, his paper&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 23 Jul 1918 || Noether presents her results to the Göttingen Mathematical Society || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 26 Jul 1918 || Klein presents &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Invariante Variationsprobleme&amp;#039;&amp;#039; to the Göttingen Scientific Society || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;primary, printed on the paper&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| mid-Sep 1918 || Klein&amp;#039;s manuscript reaches final form || primary, his footnote&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| end Sep 1918 || Noether&amp;#039;s manuscript reaches final form || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;primary, her footnote&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1918 || &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Invariante Variationsprobleme&amp;#039;&amp;#039; published, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nachrichten&amp;#039;&amp;#039; pages 235 to 257 || primary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sep 1921 || Bessel-Hagen, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Über die Erhaltungssätze der Elektrodynamik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Divergence invariance enters here || secondary; the paper was not reached&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1921 || Klein&amp;#039;s collected works appear, with a footnote restating both of Noether&amp;#039;s theorems and Hilbert&amp;#039;s assertion || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1924 || Hilbert reprints both communications, crediting Klein with the general derivation of the identities and Noether with the general proof || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1934 || first proper citation of Bessel-Hagen&amp;#039;s paper, on the account of a study of its reception. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;This is a fact about his paper and not about Noether&amp;#039;s&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1939, 1940 || Belinfante and Rosenfeld, the improvement of the stress-energy tensor || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| from 1949 || Bergmann and the constrained-Hamiltonian programme || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1951 || Hill&amp;#039;s review article, commonly credited with putting the theorem before physicists || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1954 || Yang and Mills || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1956, 1961 || Utiyama, then Kibble, extend the gauge idea to gravitation || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| from 1962 || Trautman on conservation laws in general relativity || secondary, unverified&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1971 || Tavel&amp;#039;s English translation, in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transport Theory and Statistical Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039; || primary, located; under copyright&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2004, 2011 || Kosmann-Schwarzbach&amp;#039;s study of the theorems, in French and then English || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2018 || centenary; renewed work returning to the paper itself || secondary&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Entries from 1939 onward are the route the secondary literature commonly gives.&lt;br /&gt;
None of the papers named there was read, and&lt;br /&gt;
[[Noether&amp;#039;s theorems/History/The recovery in field theory|the page that carries&lt;br /&gt;
them]] says so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>NT&gt;NoetherVolumeBuild</name></author>
	</entry>
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